Writing · 7 essays
Notes in public
Essays on AI architecture, agentic systems, neurosymbolic reasoning, and where current models stop working.
- AI Architecture
- 2
- AI Research
- 1
- Agentic AI
- 3
- Neurosymbolic AI
- 1
AI Architecture
July 26, 2025
The Anatomy of a Modern LLM
Attention, the feed-forward block, where normalisation goes, what the tokeniser decides for you. Which of those choices are load-bearing and which are inherited. I wrote it as the reference I wanted while re-deriving the same diagram for the fourth time.
10 min read- LLM
- Transformers
- Neural Networks
- AI Architecture
Neurosymbolic AI
July 17, 2025
Why AI Cannot Invent: The Abstraction Problem
A model can describe a mechanism it cannot operate. My argument is that the gap is between interface-level and implementation-level understanding, that scale does not close it, and that what is missing is a symbolic layer with something to be wrong about.
11 min read- Neurosymbolic AI
- AI Limitations
- Symbolic Reasoning
- Philosophy
- Research
AI Research
June 21, 2025
Where are the LLM-Driven Scientific Breakthroughs?
We were promised discoveries and got better literature reviews. My read: the bottleneck is the experimental loop, not the reasoning, and language models are strongest exactly where science is already cheap.
7 min read- Scientific AI
- Research
- LLM Applications
- Innovation
Agentic AI
April 4, 2025
Local Operator: AI Agents That Solve Problems Creatively
The agent environment I built to run on your own machine. It plans, writes code, executes it and reads what came back, with nothing leaving the device. Written when every framework on offer assumed a cloud sandbox and an API bill.
5 min read- AI Agents
- Local Operator
- Open Source
- Privacy
- Automation
Agentic AI
February 23, 2025
Path to Generic User Interfaces: Personal Budgeting with Local Operator
Interfaces generated for the question you asked, instead of designed in advance for every question you might ask. My own budget is the worked example, because it is where a fixed dashboard always missed the thing I wanted to know.
14 min read- UI/UX
- AI Agents
- Local Operator
- Personal Finance
Agentic AI
February 3, 2025
Local Operator: Self-Validating AI Agent for Fast Bootstrapping
How the agent checks its own work: write code, run it, read the error, revise — so a task survives being wrong on the first attempt. The architecture behind that loop, and the point where self-validation stops helping.
17 min read- AI Agents
- Local Operator
- Automation
- Self-Validation